Readers’ question: I’m looking into starting a small business and I’m still not sure what the main differences between a sole trader and limited company are with regards to tax implications. What is the more tax beneficial method of running a business?
Expert answer: Patrick Gribben, Head of Client Services at Intouch Accounting gives his expert advice on what the main differences are between different business structures, and how one option could benefit you over the other.
When first starting out as a small business owner there are three main options as to how you can operate – as a Limited Company, under an Umbrella, or as a Sole Trader. But what are the main differences between them and which is right for you? I’ll specifically be looking at Sole Traders and Limited Companies, outlining their pros and cons, and ultimately helping you decide which is the best option for you.
A Sole Trader
Typically suits a small business owner, contractor or freelancer who’s just starting out and testing the waters. Should you choose to become a Sole Trader you would be the exclusive owner of your business, entitled to keep all profits after tax and be able to claim some expenses. With little to no setup and few responsibilities, being a Sole Trader can be an attractive option. You’re able to make all the business decisions yourself and stop trading whenever you wish without any need for closing your company down.
Sounds promising right? But before you decide to become a Sole Trader, it’s worth taking a look at some of the negatives:
- It’s significantly less tax efficient than trading through a Limited Company, meaning your take-home pay will ultimately be less
- Your personal and business finances are combined, meaning you’re 100% liable should you get into any financial difficulty
- You have increased admin and legal responsibilities for running your business, and it’s up to you to submit accounts when due (such as your Self-Assessment Tax Return)
- Getting a personal loan or mortgage can be harder, as Sole Traders typically have a greater risk of bankruptcy
A Limited Company
Typically suits a business owner who’s looking to run their business for longer than nine months, and earn above £30,000 per year. Being limited means a business owner has increased opportunities for tax efficiencies (while remaining compliant), therefore allowing them to reap the maximum take-home pay (75-80%) from their business income. Along with a considered higher level of professionalism from clients, low personal risk (as your business accounts are kept separate to your personal accounts), and being your own boss, it’s a very attractive method of trading.
There are of course some constraints which come with being limited:
- You have legal and Director’s responsibilities which you must abide by
- Your accounts and financial information is made public
- You’ll have increased admin and running of the business (a limited company accountant can help you with this responsibility)
- It will take some time to set up your Limited Company, your business bank account and company name (again your chosen limited company accountant should be able to assist you with this)
- You will have a monthly fee to pay to your chosen limited company accountant, for them to manage your Limited Company’s accounts
Which is the right decision for you?
Starting out on your own can be daunting, but hopefully, my advice gives an idea of the types of considerations to ensure you’re making the right decision.
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More on Ask the Expert and why a limited company is better than a sole trader.
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